The Soviet probe Venera 4 entered the atmosphere of Venus October 18, 1967 and crashed onto the surface, but not before it sent back information, making it the first spacecraft to send back in situ data from another planet.
It provided the first chemical analysis of Venusian atmosphere, showing it was about 95% carbon dioxide, a tad nitrogen and less than 1% oxygen. Venera 4 proved Venus was super hot and its atmosphere super-dense!
The first successful Venus lander would be Venera 7 in 1970.
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