Soyuz 13, launched December 18, 1973, was modified to carry the Orion 2 Space Observatory, becoming the first manned space observatory and the Soviet Union's first mission dedicated to science. Soyuz 13's crew consisted of Commander Pyotr Klimuk and Flight Engineering Valentin Lebedev, both rookies.
They observed spectral lines of aluminum and titanium in the spectrogram of a planetary nebula. They also studied Comet Kohoutek.
Klimuk and Lebedev returned to Earth December 26.
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