Valentin Lebedev, born April 14, 1942 in Moscow, Russia, went into space twice.
His first flight was aboard Soyuz 13 in December 1973 as flight engineer. The flight lasted almost 8 days.
His second flight was aboard Soyuz T-5 as flight engineer to Salyut 7 in August 1982. He stayed aboard until December, when he returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7.
Pavel Vinogradov, born August 31, 1953 in Magadan in the former Soviet Union, is a veteran of three space flights.
His first flight was aboard Soyuz TM-26 as flight engineer to the space station Mir in August 1997. He remained on board for almost 198 days before returning to Earth in February 1998.
His second flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-8 as commander to the International Space Station in March 2006. He participated in Expedition 13 and conducted 2 EVAs. He returned to Earth in September after almost 181 days.
His third flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-08M as commander to the ISS in March 2013. He participated in Expeditions 35 and 36. He stayed aboard for over 166 days before returning to Earth in September 2013.
Sergei Krikalev, born August 27, 1958 in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now St. Petersburg, Russia), is a veteran of six space flights.
His first trip into space was aboard Soyuz TM-7 as Flight Engineer to the space station Mir. He participated in Mir EO-4, spending 151 days in space.
His second trip into space was aboard Soyuz TM-12 as flight engineer to Mir in May 1991. He participated in expedition Mir EO-9. He returned to Earth on Soyuz TM-13 in March 1992.
His third flight was aboard Discovery (STS-60) as mission specialist in February 1994. He was the first cosmonaut aboard a Space Shuttle.
His fourth mission was aboard Endeavour (STS-88) as mission specialist in December 1998. The mission took the Unity node to the ISS.
His fifth mission was aboard Soyuz TM-31 to the International Space Station in October 2000. He participated in Expedition 1. He returned to Earth on Discovery (STS-102) in March 2001.
His sixth and final flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-6 as Commander in April 2005 to the International Space Station. where he participated in Expedition 11. He returned to Earth in October.
He has spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes in space.
Sergei Treshchov, born August 18, 1958 in Russia, went into space aboard the space shuttle Endeavour (STS-111) as an ISS Flight Engineer to the International Space Station. He participated in Expedition 5 and conducted one spacewalk for 5 hours and 21 minutes.
He returned to Earth on Endeavour (STS-113) after spending almost 185 days in space.
Leonid Kizim, born August 5, 1941 in present-day Ukraine, was a veteran of three space flights.
His first flight was aboard Soyuz T-3 to the Salyut 6 space station in November 1980. He stayed in space for almost 13 days before returning to Earth.
His second flight was on Soyuz T-10 to the Salyut 7 space station in February 1984. He and his fellow cosmonauts had to enter Salyut 7 with flashlights until they could reactivate the station. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 in October 1984
His third and final flight was aboard Soyuz T-15 to Salyut 7 and Mir space stations in March 1986. It was the first time a spacecraft visited two space stations in the same mission. He returned to Earth in July 1986.
Oleg Kononenko, born June 21, 1964 in the former Soviet Union, has been into space four times.
His first flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-12 to the International Space Station in April 2008. He participated in Expedition 17 and returned to Earth in October 2008.
His second mission was as commander aboard Soyuz TMA-03M in December 2011 to the ISS. He participated in Expeditions 30 and 31. He returned to Earth in July 2012.
Kononenko's third flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-17M as commander to the ISS in July 2015. He participated in Expeditions 44 and 45. He returned to Earth in December 2015.
His fourth flight was aboard Soyuz MS-11 as commander to the ISS in June 2018. He participated in Expeditions 58 and 59. He returned to Earth in December 2018.
He has conducted 4 EVAs for a total of 24 hours and 28 minutes.
Yuri Baturin, born June 12, 1949 in Moscow, Russia, is a veteran of two space flights.
His first mission was aboard Soyuz TM-28 to the space station Mir in August 1998. He was part of the expedition Mir EP-4 and stayed on board for over 11 days. He returned to Earth on Soyuz TM-27.
His second and final mission was aboard Soyuz TM-32 in April 2001 to the International Space Station. He was part of ISS EP-1 and remained on board for almost 8 days. He returned to Earth on Soyuz TM-31.
Prior to becoming an astronaut,Baturin was an Assistant to the President for Boris Yeltsin.
Georgy Dobrovolsky, born June 1, 1928 in Odessa, Ukraine, was commander of the ill-fated Soyuz 11 mission. He and fellow cosmonauts Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev took off June 6, 1971 and became the first crew to successfully dock with Salyut 1. Unfortunately, he and his crew perished when a valve accidentally opened up during re-entry, suffocating the crew. Dobrovolsky and his comrades as of now are the only people to have died in space.
Helen Sharman, born May 30, 1963 in Yorkshire, England, is the first British cosmonaut and first woman to visit the Mir space station. She launched aboard Soyuz TM-12 in May 1991. She was part of Project Juno, a cooperative project sponsored by private enterprises in Britain and by the Soviet government. Her experiments were mainly life sciences, since she had a PhD in chemistry. After about 7 days, she returned to Earth May 26 aboard Soyuz TM-11.
Alexander (Aleksandr) Volkov, born May 27, 1948 in present-day Ukraine, is a veteran of three space flights, and is the father of cosmonaut Sergey Volkov.
His first mission was aboard Soyuz T-14 launched in September 1985 to Salyut 7. It was the ninth mission to the space station. He returned to Earth in November 1985.
His second mission was as commander aboard Soyuz TM-7 to Mir in November 1988. He was part of expedition Mir EO-4 and conducted an EVA with French astronaut Jean-Loup Chretien. He returned to Earth in April 1989.
His third and final mission was as commander aboard Soyuz TM-13 to Mir in October 1991 as part of expedition Mir EO-10. He and fellow cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev were dubbed as "the last citizens of the USSR" because when they landed in March 1992, the Soviet Union had dissolved.
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, born May 13, 1942 in the former Soviet Union, is a veteran of five space flights.
His first mission was as commander aboard Soyuz 27 to Salyut 6 in January 1978. He participated in expedition EP-1 and returned to Earth on Soyuz 26 about 6 days later.
His second mission was aboard Soyuz 39 as commander to Salyut 6 in March 1981, where he spent about 8 days before returning to Earth.
His third flight was aboard Soyuz T-6 as commander to Salyut 7 in June 1982 for another 8 days.
His fourth flight was as commander abord Soyuz T-12 to Salyut 7 in July 1984, where he stayed for about 12 days.
His fifth and final flight was aboard Soyuz T-13 as commander to Salyut 7 in June 1985. He remained on board for about 3 1/2 months before returning to Earth.
He has a minor planet named after him: 3170 Dzhanibekov discovered in 1979.
Oleg Atkov, born May 9, 1949 in the former Soviet Union, went into space aboard Soyuz T-10 as flight engineer to Salyut 7 in February 1984. He stayed aboard the space station until October and returned to Earth in Soyuz T-11.
Nikolai Budarin, born April 29, 1953 in Russia, is a veteran of three trips to space.
His first trip into space was aboard Atlantis (STS-71) as mission specialist in June 1995 to the space station Mir. He remained on board for over 75 days and returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-21 in September 1995. He was part of expedition Mir EO-19.
His second trip into space was aboard Soyuz TM-27 in January 1998 to Mir. He participated in expedition Mir EO-25 and returned to Earth in August 1998.
His third and final trip into space was aboard Endeavour (STS-113) as mission specialist to the International Space Station in November 2002. He took part in Expedition 6 and returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-1 in May 2003.
During his career he has performed eight EVAs for a total of 44 hours.
Valeri Polyakov, born April 27, 1942 in the former Soviet Union, holds the record for the longest single stay in space for a human. He stayed aboard Mir for 427 days, 18 hours. His total time in space is 678 days, 16 hours.
His first mission was aboard Soyuz TM-6 to Mir in August 1988. He participated in expeditions Mir EO-3 and Mir EO-4, returning to Earth on Soyuz TM-7 in April 1989.
His second and final flight was his record setting stay. He went into space aboard Soyuz TM-18 in January 1994. He participated in expeditions Mir EO-15, Mir EO-16 and Mir EO-17. He returned to Earth on Soyuz TM-20 in March 1995, after more than 14 months.
Yelena Serova, born April 22, 1976 in the former Soviet Union, is the fourth Soviet woman in space. Her single trip into space was aboard Soyuz TMA-14M to the International Space Station in September 2014. She participated in Expeditions 41 and 42 before returning to Earth in March 2015.
Sergei Zalyotin, born April 21, 1962 in Russia, went into space twice.
His first mission was aboard Soyuz TM-30 as Commander to the space station Mir in April 2000. He participated in expedition Mir EO-38. It was the final human spaceflight to Mir. He returned to Earth in June 16 after about 72 days in space.
His second and final mission was aboard Soyuz TMA-1 as Commander to the International Space Station in October 30, 2002. He remained on board almost two weeks and returned to Earth in November aboard Soyuz TM-34.
Igor Volk, born April 12, 1937 in the Ukraine, went into space once aboard Soyuz T-12. He flew as a research cosmonaut on the three man mission to Salyut 7 in July 1984. He didn't return to space.
Yelena Kondakova, born March 30, 1957, is the third Russian woman in space. Her first trip into space was aboard Soyuz TM-20 as flight engineer to the Mir space station in October 1994. After five months, she returned to Earth in March 1995.
Her second trip into space was aboard Atlantis (STS-84) as mission specialist to Mir in May 1997.
Yuri Shargin, born March 20, 1960 in the former Soviet Union, went into space once aboard Soyuz TMA-5 in October 2004 to the International Space Station. He remained on board for just over 9 days and returned to Earth on Soyuz TMA-4.
Yury Lonchakov, born March 4, 1965 in Kazakhstan, is a veteran of three space flights. His first mission was aboard Endeavour (STS-100) as mission specialist in April-May 2001. The objective of the mission was to install the Canadarm2 to the International Space Station.
His second trip into space was aboard Soyuz TMA-1 to the ISS. He stayed aboard for almost 11 days before returning to Earth via Soyuz TM-34.
His third and final flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-13 as commander to the ISS. He was part of the crew of Expedition 18. He returned to Earth in April 2009.
