Pedro Duque, born March 14, 1963 in Madrid, Spain, is the first Spanish-born astronaut in space.
Duque's first flight was aboard Discovery (STS-95) as mission specialist for the European Space Agency in October-November 1998. He spent almost 10 days in space.
His second and final flight was aboard Soyuz TMA-3 to the International Space Station launched in October 2003 as Flight Engineer. He remained on board for about 10 days and returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-2.
After retiring from the ESA, he became the Minister of Science for the Government of Spain.
Chiaki Mukai, born May 6, 1952 in Japan, is the first Japanese woman in space, the first Asian woman, and the first Japanese citizen go to into space twice.
Her first mission was aboard Columbia (STS-65) as payload specialist in July 1994. She carried out experiments sponsored by NASDA, the precursor to the Japanese Space Exploration Agency.
Her second and final mission was aboard Discovery (STS-95) as payload specialist in October-November 1998. It was the final flight for astronaut John Glenn as well.
Stephen Robinson, born October 26, 1955 in Sacramento, California, is a veteran of four space shuttle flights.
His first flight was aboard Discovery (STS-85) as mission specialist in August 1997. The mission lasted almost 12 days.
His second flight was again on Discovery (STS-95) as mission specialist in October-November 1998. One of his fellow astronaut was US Senator John Glenn, his second trip into space.
His third flight was aboard Discovery (STS-114) as mission specialist to the International Space Station in July-August 2005. It was the "Return to Flight" space shuttle mission, the first following the Columbia disaster in 2003.
His fourth and final flight was aboard Endeavour (STS-130) as mission specialist to the International Space Station in February 2010.
Scott Parazynski, born July 28, 1961 in Little Rock, Arkansas, is a veteran of five space shuttle missions and seven spacewalks.
His first mission was aboard Atlantis (STS-66) as mission specialist in November 1994. It was the last solo flight for Atlantis until 2009. Until then, her missions were either to Mir or the International Space Station.
His second mission was aboard Atlantis (STS-86) as mission specialist to Mir September-October 1997. He performed an EVA with fellow astronaut Vladimir Titov (Roscosmos) which lasted about 5 hours.
Parazynski's third flight was aboard Discovery (STS-95) as mission specialist in October-November 1998. John Glenn made history by going into space at 77 years old on this trip.
His fourth flight was aboard Endeavour (STS-100) as mission specialist April-May 2001 to the International Space Station. Parazynski performed two EVAs with fellow astronaut Chris Hadfield for a total of almost 15 hours.
Scott's fifth and final flight was on Discovery (STS-120) as mission specialist October-November 2007. He conducted four EVAs, three with Douglas Wheelock, and one with Daniel Tani, for a total of 27 hours and 14 minutes.
John Glenn, born July 18, 1921 in Cambridge, Ohio, is the first American to orbit Earth. In February 1962, he orbited Earth three times in Friendship 7, lasting almost 5 hours. After his historic flight, JFK said Glenn was too valuable to the nation as an iconic figure that he would not risk putting Glenn back in space.
After leaving NASA, Glenn ran for the US Senate and became Ohio's senator from 1974 to 1999.
Glenn did return to space in 1998 aboard the space shuttle Discovery (STS-95) October-November 1998, making him the oldest person in space.
Space Shuttle Discovery Crew - Back row: Mission Specialist 2 Scott E. Parazynski, Payload Specialist 1 Chiaki Mukai, Mission Specialist 1 Pedro Duque, Payload Specialist 2 John H. Glenn, Jr.
Front row: Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Commander Curtis L. Brown, Jr.
Astronaut and senator John Glenn returned to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-95), October 29, 1998. He became the oldest man to date to go into space. Also aboard was Pedro Duque of Spain, the country's first astronaut. The rest of the crew consisted of Commander Curtis Brown, Pilot Steven Lindsey, Scott Parazynski, Stephen Robinson and Chiaki Mukai.
Glenn made history as part of NASA's Mercury project to become the first American to orbit Earth. in the Friendship 7 in 1962. His second return to space was at the age of 77 as a payload specialist. NASA conducted experiments on Glenn while in space to give them an understanding of the effects of space on aging.
