Atlantis (STS-71) launched 1995

STS-71 crew

Seated (L-R): Vladimir Dezhurov, Robert Gibson, Anatoly Solovyev

Standing (L-R): Norman Thagard, Gennady Strekalov, Gregory Harbaugh, Ellen Baker,Charles Precourt,Bonnie Dunbar, Nikolai Budarin

STS-71 mission patch

Atlantis (STS-71), launched June 27, 1995, was the first Space Shuttle to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir.  Its crew consisted of Commander Robert Gibson, Pilot Charles Precourt, Ellen Baker, Gregory Harbaugh, and Bonnie Dunbar.  It delivered two cosmonauts, Anatoly Solovyev and Nikolai Budarin, to Mir to participate in Expedition EO-19, and return with members of EO-18. 

The mission included filming with an IMAX camera, the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment-II (SAREX-II), and to conduct biomedical investigations.  Some of these experiments covered cardiovascular and pulmonary functions, human metabolism, neuroscience, hygiene, sanitation, radiation, and behavioral performance.

Atlantis undocked from Mir on July 4, and returned to Earth with the original crew, Gennady Strekalov, Vladimir Dezhurov, and Norman Thagard.  The shuttle's crew spent almost 10 days in space.  

Happy birthday, American cosmonaut Norman Thagard!

Norman Thagard, born July 3, 1943 in Marianna, Florida, is the first American to fly on a Russian spacecraft in March 1995, making him the first American cosmonaut.

His first trip into space was aboard Challenger (STS-7) as mission specialist in June 1983 with Sally Ride, the first American woman in space.

His second trip was aboard Challenger (STS-51-B) as mission specialist in April-May 1985.

His third trip into space was aboard Atlantis (STS-30) as mission specialist in May 1989.

Thagard's fourth mission was aboard Discovery (STS-42) as mission specialist in January 1992.

His fifth and last trip into space was aboard Soyuz TM-21 as a research cosmonaut to the Mir space station in March 1995.  He was part of the Mir EO-18 expedition and returned to Earth on Atlantis (STS-71) in July.

Cosmonaut Gennadi Strekalov born 1940

Gennady Strekalov, born October 26, 1940, went into space 5 times.  He lived on Salyut 6, Salyut 7 and Mir.

His first mission into space was aboard Soyuz T-3 as a research cosmonaut November-December 1980 to Salyut 6.  He and the rest of the crew of Soyuz T-3 stayed aboard for almost 13 days.

His second trip was as flight engineer on Soyuz T-8 in April 1983 to Salyut 7.  The craft failed to dock with the space station and due to damage to Soyuz T-8, the decision was made to return to Earth after only 2 days.

In September 1983, Strekalov attempted to go into  space on Soyuz T-10-1 with fellow cosmonaut Vladimir Titov.  The launch vehicle was destroyed by fire before the countdown had completed.  The escape system fired two seconds before the rocket exploded, saving the crew, battered and bruised but alive.

His third trip, which was successful, was as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-11 in April 1984 to Salyut 7.  He returned to Earth on Soyuz T-10 about a week later.

Gennady's fourth trip was on Soyuz TM-10 as flight engineer to Mir in August 1990.  He and Gennadi Manakov spent over 4 months on Mir and returned to Earth December.

His fifth and final trip was on Soyuz TM-21 as flight engineer, launched in March 1995 to Mir.  He was part of the crew of the expedition Mir EO-18. He returned to Earth on Atlantis (STS-71) in July.

He passed away Christmas Day 2004 from cancer.

Soyuz TM-21 launched 1995

From left to right: Norman Thagard, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov

Mission patch

Soyuz TM-21, launched March 14, 1995, carried the first American on a Soyuz spacecraft and to board Mir.  The crew consisted of Vladimir Dezhurov, Flight Engineer Gennady Strekalov and Research cosmonaut Norman Thagard.  They would be expedition Mir EO-18.

It was the first time ever that thirteen humans had been in space simultaneously: 3 aboard Soyuz, 3 aboard Mir and 7 aboard Endeavour (STS-67)