Lunar Orbiter 1 launched 1966

First picture of the Earth taken from the moon (Lunar Orbiter 1, 1966).

Lunar Orbiter 1, launched August 10, 1966, was the first American spacecraft to orbit the moon.  It first went into a 'parking orbit' around Earth.  About 4 days later, it entered an elliptical near-equatorial orbit around the moon. 

It took over 200 photographs, mostly medium resolution that covered more than 5 million square kilometers of the lunar surface.

It impacted the far side of the moon on October 29, 1966.